The densification and expansion of wireless network pose new challenges oninterference management and reducing energy consumption. This paper studiesenergy-efficient resource management in heterogeneous networks by jointlyoptimizing cell activation, user association and multicell multiuser channelassignment, according to the long-term average traffic and channel conditions.The proposed framework is built on characterizing the interference coupling bypre-defined interference patterns, and performing resource allocation amongthese patterns. In this way, the interference fluctuation caused by(de)activating cells is explicitly taken into account when calculating the userachievable rates. A tailored algorithm is developed to solve the formulatedproblem in the dual domain by exploiting the problem structure, which gives asignificant complexity saving. Numerical results show a huge improvement inenergy saving achieved by the proposed scheme. The user association derivedfrom the proposed joint resource optimization is mapped to standard-compliantcell selection biasing. This mapping reveals that the cell-specific biasing forenergy saving is quite different from that for load balancing investigated inthe literature.
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